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15th century holy books of Ethiopian Jewry discovered—the oldest found to date

15th century holy books of Ethiopian Jewry discovered—the oldest found to date

A Rare Discovery: A traveling workshop of TAU’s Orit Guardians program discovered two 15th-century Orit books—the oldest found to date in the possession of Beta Israel.

The Orit Guardians Master’s program was established about five years ago, with the primary goal of studying, preserving, and carrying on the Biblical heritage of Ethiopian Jewry. The workshop was held in collaboration with the Ethiopian Jewry Heritage Center and the National Library of Israel, which documented the books and established the Digital Archive of Beta Israel’s Scriptures.

Recently, these books were exposed at a special event held at ANU—Museum of the Jewish People, led by the Koret Center for Jewish Civilization (a collaboration between ANU and TAU), which supports and advances the Orit Guardians program.

The program’s initiator, Prof. Dalit Rom-Shiloni from the Department of Biblical Studies, Chaim Rosenberg School of Jewish Studies and Archaeology, explains, “The Orit of Beta Israel includes the Five Books of the Torah, as well as the Books of Joshua, Judges, and Ruth. So far, we have documented four Orit books, including the two from the 15th century, as well as 13 other sacred books.

“All the sacred books of Ethiopian Jewry are written in Ge’ez, a language known only to the Kessim, and each manuscript has its own fascinating story. They have been passed down through generations from father to son, and some were given to Kessim by their teachers—Jewish monks who taught the sacred traditions in Ethiopia.

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